Snow Observations List

Skied south of Cooke today and noticed a large natural avalanche just north of the South Siren. N-R2-D2.5-O. It wasn't fresh and likely ran during the last storm cycle. 

We dug on an east aspect at 9800', ECTX, HS150. No cr, co.

Skied north of Cooke today. The light wasn't great, but I think there is an older avalanche on the east face of Miller Ridge in steep terrain. Could barely make out a crown line near the ridge and old debris on the apron. Maybe it ran 3-5 days ago? No cr, co and the winds were light out of the W-NW, moderate at ridge tops. We picked up 8cm of low density new snow overnight, plus an additional 1cm throughout the day today. 

Just wanted to send in a quick ob about snowfall.. in the last 24 hours at the Roost it snowed about 4 inches despite Fisher recording 0 inches of SWE

Today, during a level 1 avalanche course north of Cooke City, we did a total of 7 ECTs north of Companion Lake. We did 4 ECTs at 9640ft, two on a NW aspect and two on a SE aspect. These were all ECTNs in the mid 20s. We did 3 more ECTs on a north facing slope at 9380ft. Here we got two ECTXs and one ECTN 25. The buried surface hoar layer from early December was visible in every pit, ranging from 90 cm to 105 cm deep. The deepest snow we found was 185cm. 

3-4 foot crown about 100 yards wide on East face of sheep mountain. 

We rode over Daisy Pass and out to Abundance, then around Fisher and behind Scotch Bonnet, and back to Lulu Road. Visability was marginal with overcast skies and light snowfall in and out through the day. Wind was light to moderate with moderate gusts. Moving some snow from trees and along the surface, stiffening slabs. Snowfall rates picked up this evening. 

We saw three avalanches just north of Daisy Pass and one on Henderson Mtn. The one on Henderson was difficult to see the crown, but we could see the debris. Two of the slides north of Daisy were 2-3' deep and 100-150' wide and ran into thick stands of trees, looked like thick soft slabs/drifts of recent snowfall. The other slide was 1-2' deep and 300-500' wide, soft slab of recent snow.

We dug a pit between Scotch Bonnet and Sheep Mtn. on a sw facing slope at 9,800'. HS was 135cm (4feet). We had ECTP12 and ECTP26, both on a layer at similar height as the surface hoar has been found (1.5-2 feet above the ground). The weak layer was mostly 2-3mm facets w/ small cups and some signs of surface hoar on top of a melt-freeze crust. 

With a lot of recent new snow and more on the way, plus recent avalanches and poor snow structure, I expect avalanches will continue through the weekend. Choose routes that avoid travel on and below slopes steeper than 30 degrees.

From email: "We popped over to the recent avalanche on the east side and got a crown profile. Avalanche is NE facing, 10090. HS-N-D2-R4-O

Crown is 105 cm deep, breaking on surface hoar. Details are in attached profile 

Something noteworthy.. the slope angle at the crown is 30.1 degrees." 

We were ski touring on the SW side of Mt. Henderson today, and noticed a large (natural?) avalanche on the NE aspect of Henderson.  First observed at around 1:15pm.  It appeared to be very fresh, possibly from a remote trigger this morning.  

2 photos attached.   A NE aspect, around 10,000'.

It looked to be 4-6' deep and about 500' wide.  And it failed on snow at/ near the ground.

Weather:  today alternated between heavy snowfall, and patches of sunshine.  Temps in the low/ mid 20's F, and calm winds.  A very nice day for ski touring.

No other avalanche activity observed in Miller Creek.

We experienced a couple of large collapses on westerly aspects/ in wind affected terrain around 10,000'.

From email: "Skied in Sheep Creek today. Still a little lean. Surprised to only see one D1R1 soft Slab on steep north facing slope. No other avalanche activity seen on Miller Mountain, Mineral, Sunset and Republic Mountain. No cr/co." 

About 2 feet of new snow since Friday, 10 inches of that were today. 

Couple collapses... Most aspects. No avalanches observed but visibility has been very low 

We dug snowpits on Saturday. SW facing, 9700 ft. Average HS 120. Several ECTNs 30 down. No propagation. Snow above the 12/21 sun crust is F hard

Also dug a pit today.... NW facing, 9200 ft. HS 125. ECTN12 35 down x2. There is also a thin crust 45 cm down in this pit. 4f snow above. 

Teaching a Level 1 up at Woody Creek Cabin the past couple of days. 2-2.5' has fallen since Friday, but 11" of that snow came throughout today. 

We toured up the East Side of Woody Ridge today. There was heavy snow throughout the day, steady winds (light-moderate) above the tree line all day, and low visibility. No cracking/collapsing, and no observed avalanches in the visible terrain. The skin track was completely refilled on the tour back to the cabin (within ~2 hours). 

We dug below Rip Curl: NE facing aspect @ 8620'.  Average HS 95-105cm. CT8 on the buried surface hoar about 2' down. ECT results: no propagation. The new snow that fell today was F-hard and unconsolidated. 

This is avalanche weather - heavy snowfall and strong winds transporting snow. With this weather, it doesn't really matter what's going on in the snowpack. The loading from snowfall and strong winds will find the weakest layer in the snowpack and produce persistent slab avalanches.

Snow depths going up from Republic Creek at 8200 ft to the top of Woody Ridge at ~10,000 ft  ranged from 60 cm to 120 cm. Weaker where thinner and stronger where deeper. What surprised me was that we couldn't get a single collapse/whumpf or any cracking despite our best efforts getting off the established skin track. Given the rapid loading and wind loading combined with buried facets, I expected at least on collapse. However, a lack of collapsing doesn't override all the other red flags. 

The snowpack north of town and south of town seemed reasonably similiar. The biggest differences were with elevation. Generally above maybe 9000-9500 ft, the snowpack is a goof 4 feet deep. 

I WON'T BE SURPRISED TO HEAR OF SOME LARGE AVALANCHES AT UPPER ELEVATIONS on peaks like Henderson, Crown Butte, etc where some slopes are being heavily wind-loaded. 

Looking into the future, though, I feel optimistic. The snowpack is growing and will hopefully get stronger in the future as weak layers are insulated and buried more deeply. Yesterday north of Cooke, weak layers generally buried about 2 feet deep showed signs that they were gaining some strength and hardness. We'll see. 

We rode around a big chunk of the Cooke City area from the Miller Road, up to Daisy, around the backside of Fisher Mtn, into Fisher Creek, and looping around Scotch Bonnet Mtn. Ee saw no signs of instability. No cracking or collapsing. While tracks on slopes don't indicate stability, there were a lot of tracks on small test slopes, and none produced small avalanches. 

In all our snowpits, the weak layers were generally 2-2.5 feet deep and I was pleasantly surprised that they seem to be gaining some hardness. It feels that the snowpack has benefited from the steady trickle of light snow in the Cooke area. It hasn't added much water weight, but the continuous light snowfall in the Cooke Area has been slowly insulating and burying the weak layers without stressing them.

Unfortunately, we could not find any buried surface hoar, but we know it's out there. We also know that other areas like slopes south of town up Republic Creek are likely much weaker. 

Without a major load of snow (and water), below treeline, avalanches are still possible but don't feel too imminent. It's different story going above treeline - where avalanches have been happening, where there's lots of wind loading, and where there are lots of potential trigger points. Stay below treeline.

From IG Stories: A group on the "Rip Curl" area of Woody Ridge south of Cooke City report ECTP1 test results failing on buried weak layers. 

We ski toured in Sheep Creek today, north of Cooke City.  Of note, a thin (4mm) rime crust was forming due to the high humidity/ quasi rain.  Remarkably the rime crust skied very well.  

No avalanche activity observed (low vis).  No collapsing nor cracking experienced.  Light winds and mild temps.

Snowpit attached from a 9000', due south aspect, 32 deg slope.  HS 70, ECTP24 at 26.   

Another snowpit 50' away, with the same elevation and aspect, and 33 deg steep, had a similar structure, but resulted in an ECTN28 on the same layer.

Snow surface soft with ~3" of new, mod-strong SW winds at 11am 

Reactive tests in snowpits with low to moderate ECTP scores.  HS 105, NE aspects at 9480'.  

Experienced collapsing on the north end of Rob's, likely failing on buried surface hoar that was evident in pit.  

We toured above 9000' on a W to SW aspects on Henderson Mtn.  We experienced several collapses and had propagation in multiple ECTs performed.  HS varies between 85-105cm.  Snowpilot pit is from 9820' W aspect, photo from 9940': both with ECTP results.  

Snow surface variable with wind boards and radiation crusts, mixed with soft snow in shaded aspects.  

We rode out to Lulu Pass to look at the few avalanches that were reported yesterday on Henderson and Fisher Mtn. Today we did not see any avalanches that weren't previously reported, other than one small, but thick wind slab on south facing slope of Scotch Bonnet (photo). At least the avalanche on Fisher and one on Henderson broke near the ground (pics attached). Some slides were heavily refilled by drifted snow, so it was hard to tell how deep they broke.

Yesterday I saw a wide slab avalanche up on west Woody Ridge from town (photo attached). It happened late on Wednesday or overnight during or after the strong winds and snowfall.

We dug a pit on a north-northeast facing slope below Fisher Mtn. (on Rob's Knob). Snowpack was just over 3 feet deep with a stripe of surface hoar in the middle. Generally 1F to Pencil hard slab above the SH. Facets near the ground were 2-3mm and rounding. We had ECTP22 on the surface hoar and ECTN22 and PST 25/100arr.

Despite the generally hard and rounded facets near the ground, recent avalanches are a sign that those are a problem in addition to the surface hoar.

Clear and mostly calm today. A few rollerballs on southwest aspects.

Overall, the recent avalanche activity is a sign that the early season weak layers are a problem to watch going forward. Danger and likelihood of avalanches may decrease in the immediate future with a break from loading, but we need to be thinking about these layers when future storms add up.

From email: "Maiden Voyage to Goose Lake for the season today. Lots of wind drifted snow everywhere and challenging riding conditions. Performed Stability test on shoulder of Mount Fox NE facing slope at 10,300'. HS 180cm. ECTP2 40cm down on Buried Surface Hoar. ECTP 23 90cm down on MFcr with 1-2mm Facets. Saw several recent wind slab avalanches in steeper windloaded terrrain around Goose Lake, but limited activity was seen on Henderson. Lots of co/cr while touring on Mount Fox. D2 avalanche on east facing Mount Fox that appears to be on the SH layer, triggered by a cornice drop." 

Quite a few natural avalanches observed north of Cooke City today.   Photos attached of:

1:  NE facing, 10,000, Miller Ridge

2:  E facing, 9900', Bull of the Woods Pass

3:  NE facing, 9700', Miller Ridge

4:  E facing, 10,200' Scotch Bonnet Mtn.

5:  E facing, 10,000 Mt. Henderson

6-8: NE- N facing, 10,000' Mt. Henderson

9:  NE facing, 10,000' Sheep Creek.

There was also a large avalanche event on the E aspect of Fisher Mtn, which I didn't photograph.  But there were some other skiers nearby who likely had a good view of it.  

Also, we had 4 large collapses today.  One on a southerly aspect, and the other 3 on NE aspects.  All around 9800'.